TidyTuesday Week 19: Seismic Events at Mount Vesuvius

The dataset this week explores seismic events detected at the famous Mount Vesuvius in Italy. It comes from the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)’s Data Portal and can be explored along with other seismic areas on the GOSSIP website. The raw data was saved as individual CSV files from the GOSSIP website and some values were translated from Italian to English.

1. Python code

import pandas as pd
import plotly.express as px

vesuvius = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2025/2025-05-13/vesuvius.csv')

# Data Cleaning

# remove revised
vesuvius = vesuvius[vesuvius['review_level'] != "revised"]

# Remove NAs from longitude and latitude

vesuvius =  vesuvius.dropna(subset = ['latitude', 'longitude', 'duration_magnitude_md'])

# Remove Negative values from magnitude because it was messing with stuff later on
# Remove earthquakes 0.3 or less so I can further reduce the number and aren't within the margin of error

vesuvius = vesuvius[vesuvius['duration_magnitude_md'] >0.3]


# Fix the dates




# split the time column so I can use the date 

vesuvius['time'] = pd.to_datetime(vesuvius['time'])
vesuvius['date'] = vesuvius['time'].dt.date

# 6000 is a lot of earthquakes - lets only from the 2020S

vesuvius = vesuvius[vesuvius['year'] >= 2020]
min_mag = vesuvius['duration_magnitude_md'].min()
max_mag = vesuvius['duration_magnitude_md'].max()

# Create graph
fig = px.scatter_mapbox(
    vesuvius,
    lat="latitude",
    lon="longitude",
    color="duration_magnitude_md",
    size="duration_magnitude_md",
    animation_frame="date", 
    color_continuous_scale="Viridis",
    range_color=[min_mag, max_mag],  # ← fix color scale
    size_max=15,
    zoom=10,
    center={"lat": 40.821, "lon": 14.426},
    mapbox_style="carto-positron",
    title="Earthquake Occurrences in the Vicinity of Mount Vesuvius Over Time <br> (2020–2024)",
    labels={"duration_magnitude_md": "Magnitude (Md)"}
)

fig.show()