# Load the packages in ----------------------------------------------------
if(!require(tidyverse)){install.packages("tidyverse"); library(tidyverse)}
if(!require(patchwork)){install.packages("patchwork"); library(patchwork)}
if(!require(ggplot2)){install.packages("ggplot2"); library(ggplot2)}
if(!require(sugrrants)){install.packages("sugrrants"); library(sugrrants)}
# I stick all my styling into a CUsotm PAckage to tidy up my code and keep it consistent over the time
if(!require(CustomGGPlot2Theme)){devtools::install("CustomGGPlot2Theme"); library(CustomGGPlot2Theme)}
# get the wd - force of habit
wd <- getwd()
#pulling images off internet was taking a lot of time and casing a time out error
options(timeout = 1000)
font <- "roboto_bold"
das <- readr::read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2025/2025-04-22/daily_accidents.csv')
das <- das %>%
mutate(
year = lubridate::year(date),
date_time = as.POSIXct(date, tz = "UTC"),
local_time = with_tz(date_time, tzone = "America/New_York"),
utc_offset = format(local_time, "%z")
)
das <- das %>%
arrange(date) %>%
mutate(
prev_offset = lag(utc_offset),
dst_switch = utc_offset != prev_offset
)
das <- das %>%
mutate(
dst_change = case_when(
is.na(prev_offset) ~ NA_character_,
utc_offset > prev_offset ~ "Forward", # Spring: clocks jump ahead
utc_offset < prev_offset ~ "Backward", # Fall: clocks go back
TRUE ~ NA_character_
)
)
dst_vs_avg <- das %>%
filter(year >= 2010) %>%
group_by(year) %>%
mutate(avg_fatalities = mean(fatalities_count, na.rm = TRUE)) %>%
ungroup() %>%
filter(!is.na(dst_change)) %>%
group_by(year, dst_change, avg_fatalities) %>%
summarise(
dst_fatalities = mean(fatalities_count, na.rm = TRUE),
.groups = "drop"
) %>%
mutate(
pct_diff = 100 * (dst_fatalities - avg_fatalities) / avg_fatalities
)
p1 <- ggplot(dst_vs_avg, aes(x = factor(year), y = pct_diff, fill = dst_change)) +
geom_col(position = "dodge") +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "gray40") +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("Forward" = "steelblue", "Backward" = "tomato")) +
geom_text(
aes(
label = paste0(round(pct_diff, digits = 1), "%"),
#had to do this for dynamic position of the
vjust = case_when(pct_diff >= 0 ~ -0.5, TRUE ~ 1.5)
),
position = position_dodge(width = 0.9),
size = 3.5
) +
labs(
title = str_wrap("Percent Difference in Fatalities on Daylight Savings Change Days (Clocks Forward vs Backward)", 60),
subtitle = "Compared to annual average fatalities",
x = "Year", y = "% Difference",
fill = "Clock Change"
) +
Custom_Style()
